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Vodafone and Three in merger talks

Vodafone and Three in merger talks

James Robinson, from communication market analysts Assembly, said there would still be hurdles to overcome for the merged firm.

"A combined Three/Vodafone would boast a significant proportion of 5G [spectrum]," he said.

"While the parties might view consolidation as a way to improve returns and unlock shareholder value, we expect the CMA would be eager to protect against the risk of consumer price rises - particularly in light of the current cost-of-living crisis.

He suggested the merged firm may need to provide "legally-binding concessions" to reassure regulators.

UK to phase out 2G and 3G by 2033

UK to phase out 2G and 3G by 2033

Assembly Research founder Matthew Howett told BBC News the change would probably come sooner than the government's 2033 deadline.

The switch-off will affect all sorts of older devices, such as 3G-only smartphones.

And it would be crucial for the government to act on behalf of consumers who may be slow to adjusting, Mr Howett said.

"There is an important consumer-protection dimension to all this," he said.

"You will of course have some people who may still rely on a 2G/3G-enabled handset to make calls in emergencies but also because devices such as smart meters run off the 2G network.

"Involving these stakeholders will be crucial to avoid disruption."

Ofcom approves Openreach fibre price cuts, angering rivals

Ofcom approves Openreach fibre price cuts, angering rivals

Matthew Howett, an industry analyst and founder of research firm Assembly, told the BBC some degree of consolidation in the industry now seemed certain.

"If that results in giving stability and scale to those alt-nets in their competitive battle with the larger incumbents then ultimately that can't be a bad thing for consumers," he said.

"A competitive fibre rollout is arguably Ofcom's flagship policy and so any early indications the Equinox offer is having a negative impact for consumers you would think would be met with intervention. It's a bit like a pair of scales that are precariously balanced - we'll need time to see where they settle."

EE aims for 5G coverage everywhere in UK by 2028

EE aims for 5G coverage everywhere in UK by 2028

In some remote locations, coverage will be "on demand" delivered by satellites.

"Affordability could remain a challenge with higher monthly rentals and considerable upfront costs. Subsidies could help bring those costs down," analyst Matthew Howett, founder of Assembly Research, told the BBC.

But Mr Howett said the expansion would help EE to position itself ahead of rivals - such as Virgin Media and O2 - among customers who value connectivity, whether rural or not.

"The importance of the network is only going to grow, particularly as more of the things we own and use become connected, and it's not just about the phone in our pockets.

"Whoever has the most advanced, widespread, secure and reliable network, is going to emerge the winner," he said.

Millions offered half price broadband from BT

Millions offered half price broadband from BT

Matt Howett, from analysts Assembly Research, added: "Recognising the need to be connected, and the financial hardship customers faced, many operators have taken steps to ensure access to vital services.

"We've really seen the sector step up and respond to the challenging circumstances many customers have found themselves in."

Gigabit broadband: Watered-down plans a 'kick in the teeth'

Gigabit broadband: Watered-down plans a 'kick in the teeth'

Another observer - Matthew Howett, founder of research firm Assembly - added: "The original target for 2025 was always an ambitious one, but crucially one that industry felt it could deliver with the right enabling regulatory environment.

"While progress was made with that, a number of barriers still remain. To depart from the original target with four years still left to run suggests perhaps that mountains can't be moved after all."

High charges for rural broadband investigated by Ofcom

High charges for rural broadband investigated by Ofcom

"We know these are the hardest to reach and most expensive households to connect, where there are real barriers and real costs to deploying broadband, and where further government subsidy may be needed," said Matthew Howett, founder of research firm Assembly.

"Sometimes eye-watering quotes might arise because of estimates made without full engineering surveys having yet been completed. We're still at the early stages of the scheme so Ofcom's investigation may result in useful guidance when calculating quotes for future requests."

Vodafone calls for 5G auction to be scrapped

Vodafone calls for 5G auction to be scrapped

Telecoms analyst Mathew Howett, from Assembly Research, said: "There is very clearly a cost to the industry in terms of replacing Huawei earlier than operators might have done naturally.

"Government can't expect the industry to speed up deployment of networks if they pile on additional cost and slow down that rollout."

But he added: "The last time the government directed Ofcom with regards to spectrum - the liberalisation of bands for 4G and associated annual licence fees - legal challenges went on for a decade."

Huawei: What would happen if the UK ditched the Chinese firm?

Huawei: What would happen if the UK ditched the Chinese firm?

"It's not only a very expensive process for the operators, but it's going to be a time-consuming one as well because they need to get access to all those sites to make the changes," added Matthew Howett from Assembly, the consultancy that wrote Mobile UK's report.

One thing practically everyone agrees on is that the matter needs to be settled once and for at a time when so much else about the economy is uncertain.

"These procurement decisions can take 18 months to two years to finalise and it takes time to ramp up supply to meet the demand," said Mr Howett.

"So this isn't just a question of overnight deciding not to use Huawei - it would take many years to do it properly."

Full-fibre broadband to reach more of the UK

Full-fibre broadband to reach more of the UK

Matthew Howett, founder of research firm Assembly, sympathised with Openreach's frustration over business rates.

"It's a barrier that the whole industry is behind removing. Currently in England the exemption only lasts for five years, and 10 years in Scotland, but for the operators the business case for rolling out fibre is over a much longer period, often over 15 years."

He also acknowledged that "broadband, while digital, can still be a very analogue and labour-intensive job to install".

"As much as 70% of the cost of rolling out broadband is in the civil works - the digging, manual labour and road closures that go with it. So, any innovations that reduce these costs will ultimately result in broadband being deployed faster, and to more people."

Three million homes have access to full-fibre broadband

Three million homes have access to full-fibre broadband

"As end-of-term report cards go, this is probably about as good as you can hope for," said Matthew Howett, founder of Assembly Research.

"The leap in the availability of full-fibre shows just how serious operators are in making up for lost time and how, with the right regulatory and political environment, they can go even further. 

"Next year will be crucial for determining what that pace of rollout looks like as Ofcom is due to set out the rules for how such networks will be regulated for the next five years."

Will fibre broadband be obsolete by 2030 - and what about 5G?

Will fibre broadband be obsolete by 2030 - and what about 5G?

But full-fibre broadband, where ultra-fast optical cables carry data right into your home or office, is currently the "gold standard".

"There is no doubt that we need fibre connectivity, in particular all the way to the home. That's something everybody is on board with across the industry and political parties," said Matthew Howett, an analyst at Assembly Research.

However, the government plans to auction lower-frequency spectrum - freed up from the digital TV switchover - for 5G services.

"The 700MHz frequency band that will be auctioned is good at covering large rural areas," said Mr Howett. "Anything freed up from that switchover from analogue to digital TV means you can reach more people with fewer base stations."

EE to launch UK's first 5G service in May

EE to launch UK's first 5G service in May

Matthew Howett, a mobile analyst with research firm Assembly, said: "To convince consumers to make the leap from 4G to 5G, it's important to communicate that it's more than just about speed. 

"While peak download speeds will be faster, crucially there will be more capacity, which will allow for a whole host of new applications and services."

Broadband speed must be revealed to customers

Broadband speed must be revealed to customers

Ofcom is at the centre of a campaign to persuade users to upgrade to faster broadband as well as reviewing broadband firms' pricing practices and ensuring customers get the best available deals.

According to the regulator's research, those with a basic broadband connection have less than a one-in-five chance of being able to stream Netflix in ultra-high definition.

Matthew Howett, founder of research firm Assembly, said the new code could act "as an incentive for broadband providers to move customers on to full-fibre connections, since speeds in the fibre network are easier to guarantee and less susceptible to network congestion".

UK 4G 'slower than most of EU when busy'

UK 4G 'slower than most of EU when busy'

"The benefits of 5G is that it not only delivers faster download speeds but crucially more capacity, which should go some way to alleviating problems of congestion in the network," said Matthew Howett, founder of research firm Assembly.

"All research points to the fact UK consumers have an insatiable appetite for data that is only going to grow over time, especially as 5G will in some instances be a replacement for fixed broadband."

Half of UK homes could get faster broadband

Half of UK homes could get faster broadband

Matthew Howett, founder of research firm Assembly, thinks the reason many do not upgrade is a combination of apathy and contentment with the service they have.

"I think fundamentally most households are generally satisfied with the speeds they are getting, and find their needs are met although, of course, this changes when you introduce larger families, multiple streams of HDTV, and online gaming.

"All of these more bandwidth-intense services will push up a household's requirements. The other thing to consider is the complexity faced when choosing a broadband package.

"While there are many good tools to help consumers shop around for the best deal, different contract durations, introductory tariffs, and added extras make changing package or supplier a daunting prospect for some."

Openreach to cut price of fast broadband

Openreach to cut price of fast broadband

Matthew Howett, founder of research firm Assembly, said the announcement made "commercial sense" because Openreach and others looking to upgrade the UK's infrastructure needed to prove that the demand is out there.

"This does seem like a genuine move to get more people onto the fibre network, and stave off criticism from those that say the UK falls behind," he said.

"It's about Openreach showing the industry and the regulator that it has changed and is implementing the further separation from BT not only to the letter, but also in the spirit of what was agreed."

Broadband speeds in UK slip down global league table

Broadband speeds in UK slip down global league table

While the speeds in the UK were not the best, there were other measurements - such as availability and speed - where the UK would fare better, said Matthew Howett, principal analyst at research company Assembly.

"Some countries are also of course easier to roll out broadband in. The fastest country in this survey, Singapore, is about the size of London and obviously doesn't have the same challenges with remote and rural areas that we have in Britain," he said.

"Encouragingly, Britain is set for more fibre, with leading operators and their competitors all having committed to deploy so called full-fibre.

"Once those deployments ramp up, they would be reflected in similar league tables."

Superfast 5G mobiles are a step closer

Superfast 5G mobiles are a step closer

Analyst Matthew Howett, founder of research firm Assembly, thinks most customers will not see 5G any time soon.

"Everyone is getting a bit ahead of themselves," he said, "but the industry hasn't yet agreed on how it will be different from 4G".

Mr Howett said it would mean "faster, more reliable connection", but added: "My view is, it's a way off."

He added: "All they are buying is essentially the airwaves that are all around us and have existed since the Big Bang, because there is only a finite amount."